Systolic Fetal Heart Murmur Detected in Fetal Phonocardiography
نویسنده
چکیده
The electric fetal heart activity was firstly recorded as tiny deflections on maternal limb lead electrocardifogram (ECG) by Cremer [1], direct lead fetal ECG with needle electrode by Caldeyro-Barcia et al. [2] and with scalp lead clip electrode by Hon [3]. Indirect maternal abdominal lead fetal ECG (fECG) was recorded by Maeda and Nakano [4] and others. Intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR) was monitored by Hon [3] and Caldeyro-Barcia et al. [2] using direct lead fECG. Hammacher and Gentner [5] and Maeda [6] invented external FHR monitoring with fetal heart sound for the full fetal monitoring in 1960s. High pitched fetal heart sound listener and the fetal phonocardiography (fPCG) were studied by Maeda et al. [7] before the introduction of ultrasound diagnosis of the fetus in Japan.
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